Table of Contents
mkplummer - generates a snapshot according to a truncated Plummer model
mkplummer [parameters=values...]
mkplummer constructs a
Plummer model, with a spatial or mass cut-off, after which it performs a
coordinate transformation to the center-of-mass coordinate system. The data
are then written into a file snap-file, in a standard N-body snapshot format.
The model is constructed in VIRIAL units (M=G=-4E=1, with E the total
energy), and finite spatial extent which can be regulated by specifying
mfrac or rfrac or using their default values. The distribution function
of a Plummer model is spherically symmetric and isotropic, and is a polytrope
of index n = 5. See also Aarseth et al. (1974) and Plummer (1911)
There
is also an implementation in Dehnen’s falcON suite: mkplum(1NEMO)
The
following parameters are recognized; they may be given in any order.
- out=snapfile
- Output data is written into snapfile, in standard snapshot format.
- nbody=integer
- Number of particles nobj in Nbody snapshot realization of the Plummer model.
- mlow=real
- inner core mass fraction within which no stars will be populated.
(Default: 0)
- mfrac=real
- mass fraction of the (infinitely extended) Plummer
model; see rfrac immediately below (Default: rfrac=22.8042468).
- rfrac=real
- radius fraction of the (infinitely extended) Plummer model. If mfrac = 1.0
then particles will be sprinkled in all over space. If mfrac < 1.0 or rfrac
> 0.0 then each particle is constrained to lie within both the radial and
(cumulative) mass bound. For example, if rfrac( mfrac ) > rfrac then rfrac
is the limiting factor, but if rfrac( mfrac ) < rfrac then mfrac limits
the extent of the Plummer realization. Note: specifying either value may
have no effect if the default value of the other parameter is still the
limiting factor; Beware! (Default: mfrac=0.999; rfrac=22.8042468 , chosen
so that the cumulative mass at rfrac is mfrac).
- seed=integer
- seed for the
random number generator (default: a value 0, which will be converted into
a unique new value using UNIX’s clock time, in seconds since once-upon-a-time-in-the-seventies).
- time=time
- Time at which the snapshot applies (default: time=0.0).
- zerocm=t|f
- Reset center of mass to zero? [default: t].
- scale=scale_factor
- A scale factor
or scale to virial units (M=G=-4E=1). Use -1 for virial units, and 1 to get
a model in structural (natural) units. Note: large scale factors means small
systems with large velocity disperson. [Default: -1].
- quit=level
- Level of
quit start. 0 is noisy, 1=somewhat quiet, 2=more quiet [default: 0].
- massname=name
- Identification of the mass spectrum. It is normally only a function of mass,
so n(m) will suffice. If nothing specified, all stars will have the same
mass (total mass M=1). [default: not used].
- massexpr=expr
- Expression for
the mass-spectrum. In addition to the mass m from the massname it may contain
any variables contained in the masspars to be specified next. [default:
pow(m,p)].
- masspars=pars
- List of parameters and their values. They can be
used by name in the massexpr specified before. [default: p,0.0].
- massrange=mlow,mhigh
- Valid massrange. A lower and higher cutoff must be supplied. The massrange
has arbitrary units, since all masses will be rescaled to set the total
mass M=1. [default: 1,1].
- headline=string
- Optional headline, which is written
as the first item in the snapshot file, the next item being the snapshot
itself. [default: not used].
- nmodel=integer
- Number of models to generate.
Although mostly meant for benchmarks, generating more then 1 model can
be useful to process very large snapshots (which won’t fit in memory) in
a serialized fashion. See also snapsplit. Default: 1.
A non-delta function
mass-spectrum will not create a properly virialized system yet. See snapvirial(1NEMO)
For very large (>1000) ratio in the mass ranges the spline interpolation,
used in frandom(3NEMO)
, can fail using a valid [0,1] range.
mkplummer
can also be used to create a plummer sphere with a mass spectrum, e.g. a
Salpeter mass spectrum with
% mkplummer salpeter.dat 10000 massname=’n(m)’ massexpr=’pow(m,p)’ masspars=p,-2.35
massrange=0.1,10
snapvirial(1NEMO)
, mkplummer(3NEMO)
, snapmass(1NEMO)
, snapsplit(1NEM0)
,
mkplum(1NEMO)
, mcluster(1NEMO)
H.C.Plummer (1911), MNRAS, 71, 460.
S.J. Aarseth,
M. Henon and R. Wielen (1974), Astron. and Astrophys. 37, p. 183.
A.H.W. Kuepper,
Th. Maschberger, P. Kroupa and H. Baumgardt, 2011, MNRAS, 417, 2300 (McLuster)
Piet Hut (Peter Teuben)
~/src/nbody/init mkplummer.c
23-Apr-87 Version 1.0: created PIET
10-Jun-88 Version 1.1: created PIET
xx-xxx-88 V1.2: zerocm keyword added PJT
xx-Mar-89 V2.0: full new snapshot version + doc PJT
15-nov-90 V2.3: mass-spectrum and cleanup for NEMO 2.x PJT
6-jun-96 V2.5d: report total mass before scaling PJT
21-mar-04 V2.7: added mlow= PJT+NCM
11-apr-05 V2.8: added nmodel= PJT
15-sep-10 V2.9: clarified rfrac and allow rfrac<0 PJT
2-dec-2017 documented mcluster PJT